Que1.28. Explain Directive Principles of State Policy on the base of Gandhian Principles. Answer 1. These principles are grounded on Gandhian testament. 2. They’re used to represent the programme of reconstruction enunciated by Mahatma Gandhiji during the independence movement. 3. Under following papers, they direct the state toi. Article 40 Organise vill panchayats and endow them with necessary powers and authority to enable them to serve as units of tone- government. ii. Composition 43 Promote cabin diligence on an individual or cooperation base in pastoral areas. iii. Composition 43B Promote voluntary conformation, independent functioning, popular control and professional operation of united societies. iv. Composition 46 Promote the educational and profitable interests of SCs, STs, and other weaker sections of the society and to cover them from social injustice and exploitation.v. Article 47 enjoin the consumption of intoxicating drinks and medicines which are pernicious to health. vi. Composition 48 enjoin the bloodbath of cows, pins and other milch and draught cattle and to ameliorate their types. Que1.29. Explain Directive Principles of State Policy on the base of Liberal-Intellectual Principles. Answer 1. These principles reflect the testament of leftism. 2. Under following papers, they direct the state to 3. Composition 44 Secure for all citizens a invariant civil law throughout the country. 4. Composition 45 give early nonage care and education for all children until they complete the age of six times. 5. Composition 48 Organise husbandry and beast husbandry on ultramodern and scientific lines. 6. Composition 49 cover monuments, places and objects of cultural or major interest which are declared to be of public significance. 7. Composition 50 Separate the bar from the superintendent in the public services of the State. 8. Composition 51i. Promote transnational peace and security and maintain just and honourable relations between nations. ii. Foster respect for transnational law and convention scores. iii. Encourage agreement of transnational controversies by arbitration. Que1.30. Mention the new Directive Principles of State Policy’s added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. Answer Following 4 new Directive Principles are added in 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 1. Composition 39 To secure openings for the healthy development of children. 2. Composition 39A To promote equal justice and to give free legal aid to the poor. 3. Composition 43A To take way to secure the participation of workers in the operation of diligence. 4. Composition 48A To cover and ameliorate the terrain and to guard timbers and wildlife. Que1.31. Describe administrative system of government in India and matriculate its features. Answer 1. India has a administrative system of Government. India chose a administrative form of government primarily because the constitutionmakers were greatly told by the system in England. 2. Another reason the founding fathers saw was that the administrative model would only work to accommodate the varied and different groups within our population. 3. Also, the strict separation of powers in the presidential system would beget conflicts between the two branches, the superintendent and the council, which our recently-independent country could ill- go. 4. In administrative system, the congress is generally supreme and the superintendent is responsible to the council. 5. It’s also known as the Cabinet form of government, and also ‘ Responsible Government ’. Features of the administrative system 1. near relationship between the council and the superintendent The Prime Minister along with the Council of Ministers form the superintendent and the Parliament is the council. The Prime Minister and the ministers are tagged from the members of congress, inferring that the superintendent emerges out of the council. 2. Administrative responsible to the council The superintendent is responsible to the council. There’s a collaborative responsibility, that is, each minister’s responsibility is the responsibility of the whole Council. 3. Binary superintendent There are two directors- the real superintendent and the nominal superintendent. The nominal superintendent is the head of state( chairman or monarch) while the real superintendent is the Prime Minister, who’s the head of government. 4. Secrecy of procedure A prerequisite of this form of government is that press proceedings are secret, and not meant to be disclosed to the public. 5. Leadership of the Prime Minister The leader of this form of government is the Prime Minister. 6. Bicameral Legislature Most administrative republic follow bicameral council. 7. No fixed term The term of the government depends on its maturity support in the lowerhouse.However, the council of ministers has to abdicate, If the government doesn’t win a vote of no confidence. Que1.32. What are the graces and faults of administrative system? Answer graces of Parliamentary System 1. More collaboration between the superintendent and the council Since the superintendent is a part of the council, and generally the maturity of the council supports the government, it’s easier to pass laws and apply them. 2. Prevents despotism Since the superintendent is responsible to the council, and can bounce it out in a stir of no confidence, there’s no despotism. 3. Responsible government The members of the council can ask questions and bandy matters of public interest and put pressure on the government. The congress can check the conditioning of the superintendent. 4. Representing different groups In this system, the congress offers representation to different groups of the country. 5. Inflexibility There’s inflexibility in the system as the Prime Minister can be changed fluently if demanded. faults of Parliamentary System 1. No separation of powers Since there’s no genuine separation of powers, the council can not always hold the superintendent responsible. Also, because ofanti-defection rules, lawmakers can not exercise their free will and vote as per their understanding and opinions. 2. Unqualified lawmakers The system creates lawmakers whose intention is to enter the superintendent only. They’re largely unqualified to ordain. 3. Insecurity Since the governments sustain only as long as they can prove a maturity in the house, there’s insecurity if there’s no singlelargest party after the choices. Coalition governments are generally relatively unstable and short- lived. Because of this, the superintendent has to concentrate on how to stay in power rather than worry about the state of affairs weal of the people. 4. Ministers The superintendent should belong to the ruling party. This rules out the hiring of assiduity experts for the job. 5. Failure to take a prompt decision Because there’s no fixed term enjoyed by the Council of Ministers, it frequently hesitates from taking bold and long- term policy opinions. 6. Party politics Party politics is more apparent in the administrative system where prejudiced interests drive politicians further than public interests. 7. Control by the bureaucracy Civil retainers advise the ministers on colorful matters and are also not responsible to the council. Que1.33. What do you mean by civil system? Answer 1. There are generally two types of countries in the world. 2. The state that has only one government for the entire country is known as a unitary state. 3. The state which has governments at two situations one at the central position and the other at the state position is known as a civil state. 4. Besides having two sets of government, a civil system must have three other features i. A written constitution, ii. Division of powers between the central government and the state governments, and iii. Supremacy of the bar to interpret the constitution. 5. India has a civil system having all these features. Que1.34. Describe federalism in India and matriculate its colorful features. Answer 1. Although India is a civil system but it has further cock towards a unitary system of government. 2. It’s occasionally considered aquasi-federal system as it has features of both a civil and a unitary system. 3. rudiments of federalism were introduced into ultramodern India by the Government of India Act of 1919, which separated powers between the centre and the parochial houses. Federal Features of India 1. Governments at two situations- centre and countries. 2. Division of powers between the centre and countries There are 3 lists given in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution which gives the subjects each position has governance ini. Union List ii. State List iii. 3. Supremacy of the constitution The introductory structure of the constitution is imperishable as laid out by the bar. The constitution is the supreme law in India. 4. Independent bar The constitution provides for an independent and intertwined bar. The lower and quarter courts are at the bottom situations, the high courts are at the state situations and at the topmost position is the Supreme Court of India. All courts are inferior to the Supreme Court.
